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zoo: S3 Infrastructure for Regular and Irregular Time Series (Z's Ordered Observations)

An S3 class with methods for working with regular and irregular time series. The class stores data as numeric vectors/matrices (or factors) along with a time index of arbitrary class (including numeric, Date, POSIXct, chron, yearmon, yearqtr, etc.). Functions and methods are consistent with the ts class and base R and also extend standard generics. Tools include: Data import/export, coercion, visualization (with base R, 'ggplot2', 'lattice', 'tinyplot'), alignment and merging, aggregation, lags and subsets, rolling analytics, and time-based interpolation/filling. The design is introduced in Zeileis and Grothendieck (2005) <doi:10.18637/jss.v014.i06>.

Version: 1.9-0
Depends: R (≥ 3.1.0), stats
Imports: utils, graphics, grDevices, lattice (≥ 0.20-27)
Suggests: AER, coda, chron, ggplot2 (≥ 3.5.0), knitr, mondate, scales, stinepack, strucchange, timeDate, timeSeries (≥ 4021.104), tinyplot, tis, tseries, xts
Published: 2026-07-31
DOI: 10.32614/CRAN.package.zoo
Author: Achim Zeileis ORCID iD [aut, cre], Gabor Grothendieck [aut], Jeffrey A. Ryan [aut], Joshua M. Ulrich [ctb], Felix Andrews [ctb]
Maintainer: Achim Zeileis <Achim.Zeileis at R-project.org>
BugReports: https://codeberg.org/zeileis/zoo/issues
License: GPL-2 | GPL-3
URL: https://zeileis.codeberg.page/zoo/
NeedsCompilation: yes
Citation: zoo citation info
Materials: README, NEWS
In views: Econometrics, Environmetrics, Finance, MissingData, TimeSeries
CRAN checks: zoo results

Documentation:

Reference manual: zoo.html , zoo.pdf
Vignettes: zoo Design (source)
zoo FAQ (source, R code)
zoo Quick Reference (source, R code)
Reading Data in zoo (source, R code)
zoo Reference Card (source)
zoo: An S3 Class and Methods for Indexed Totally Ordered Observations (source, R code)

Downloads:

Package source: zoo_1.9-0.tar.gz
Windows binaries: r-devel: zoo_1.9-0.zip, r-release: zoo_1.9-0.zip, r-oldrel: zoo_1.9-0.zip
macOS binaries: r-release (arm64): zoo_1.9-0.tgz, r-oldrel (arm64): zoo_1.9-0.tgz, r-release (x86_64): zoo_1.9-0.tgz, r-oldrel (x86_64): zoo_1.9-0.tgz
Old sources: zoo archive

Reverse dependencies:

Reverse depends: AER, betategarch, bimets, bsts, changepoint, dendrometeR, disagmethod, dyn, dynlm, eDMA, EloRating, EnvCpt, Evapotranspiration, fCI, FFdownload, FinancialInstrument, FinTS, fxregime, garchx, GCEstim, geotopbricks, geovol, gets, gfunctions, glogis, GroupBN, HEDA, hydroGOF, hydroTSM, IBrokers, lgarch, lmtest, matrixProfile, meteoForecast, Modalclust, mvLSW, neverhpfilter, NitrogenUptake2016, PortfolioAnalytics, quantmod, RcmdrPlugin.temis, Riex, RJSDMX, RolWinMulCor, sde, solaR, StreamMetabolism, strucchange, strucchangeRcpp, swash, SWMPr, tgram, trackeR, tstools, tvgarch, vioplot, vulcan, xts, yuima
Reverse imports: acc, ACDm, acss, ActCR, actigraph.sleepr, activAnalyzer, adductomicsR, admiralpeds, AeRobiology, AFR, agcounts, akiFlagger, anomaly, AquaBEHER, ARDL, argo, asciiSetupReader, ASICS, Athlytics, ATQ, BatchGetSymbols, bayesforecast, bbdetection, bfast, BGVAR, BigVAR, blsBandit, BLSloadR, BreakPoints, brms.mmrm, CalcThemAll.PRM, CalibrationCurves, CAST, cats, CausalImpact, cgmanalysis, changepoint.np, CharAnalysis, chronicle, climatehealth, climetrics, clinify, CohortPlat, Coinprofile, compIndexBuilder, CONFESS, conformalForecast, ConnectednessApproach, contagionchannels, contTimeCausal, convergenceDFM, ConversationAlign, covatest, creditr, cry, cryptoQuotes, CSIndicators, CSMES, dataprep, DatastreamDSWS2R, dccmidas, DChaos, degday, dendRoAnalyst, DendroFlux, DepthProc, DESA, descstatsr, descsuppRplots, deseats, diemr, digiRhythm, DisaggregateTS, disclosuR, dispRity, distantia, dsa, dStruct, duet, dygraphs, Dyn4cast, dynatop, DynForest, dynmix, EBASE, edeaR, EGAD, EGRET, EHRtemporalVariability, ELViS, epe4md, eph, Epi, epiR, EpiReport, ern, estar, evalHTE, EviewsR, exmort, eyeris, eyetools, eyetrackingR, facmodCS, facmodTS, FDboost, fDMA, fEGarch, finlabR, FlowRegEnvCost, flowSpecs, fluxfixer, fluxible, forecast, forecastADAPT, forecasteR, forecastHybrid, fruclimadapt, garma, gazepath, gcxgclab, gdpc, geodiv, GGIR, ggPMX, ggpp, ggquickeda, GLmom, gluvarpro, greybox, grwat, GSSE, gstar, gstat, gunsales, GWSDAT, hahmmr, harbinger, highcharter, highfrequency, historicalborrowlong, hpiR, htrSPRanalysis, hydroMOPSO, hydroState, hydrotoolbox, hyfo, HyMETT, HYPEtools, iAR, ichimoku, iClick, ICSKAT, ICtest, iForecast, ifpd, iglu, imdR, imputeFin, imputeTestbench, IndexConstruction, influxdbr, intradayModel, jubilee, KarsTS, kehra, kofdata, kollaR, kssa, lacunarity, lapop, lcyanalysis, ldhmm, legion, lessR, lfstat, Linnorm, locuszoomr, longitudinalcascade, LongitudinalEvalue, LTASR, mappoly, marcher, MarketMatching, MBNMAtime, memoria, metaseqR2, MethodOpt, MetricGraph, mfGARCH, MicrobiotaProcess, midasr, MissingHandle, mixchar, MJMbamlss, mmaqshiny, mMARCH.AC, moanin, morse, morseTKTD, MOSim, movementsync, movieROC, MSGARCH, mudfold, multifamm, MultiGrey, multilevelTools, MultivariateTrendAnalysis, MuPETFlow, muse, mvLSWimpute, mvMonitoring, myClim, nanotime, ngsReports, nixmass, nonlinearTseries, nortsTest, nparACT, npcure, nphPower, numbat, obAnalytics, odeGUTS, oncmap, oRaklE, OtsuSeg, party, PCRA, PCRedux, pcts, pdfetch, pedquant, PerformanceAnalytics, periodicDNA, PERK, phase, phenocamr, phenofit, phenopix, PheVis, photobiology, PhyloProfile, plm, plotthis, pmev, PMwR, PortalHacienda, portalr, portfolioBacktest, PortfolioTesteR, postshock, PPMiss, praatpicture, pressuRe, PRISM.forecast, PupillometryR, PupilPre, PWEV, qkiosk, qrmtools, qsea, QuantileModels, quantspec, R2Addhaz, r2dii.analysis, rAmCharts, rangr, rasterVis, RavenR, rbioacc, RcamelsCL, RcmdrPlugin.RiskDemo, realestatebr, rechaRge, reddPrec, REffectivePred, RFmerge, RGAP, rjd3production, Rmfrac, rmgarch, rmsfuns, RNAshapeQC, rnrfa, robustbetareg, robustGarch, RPEIF, RPESE, rportfolio, RQuantLib, RTL, rts, rugarch, rumidas, runcharter, RWDataPlyr, s2dv, sandwich, Saylac, sazedR, scDIFtest, seasonalityPlot, seasonalview, SeaSondeR, seastests, sectorgap, segclust2d, SEI, semtree, sfc, sGMRFmix, SharpeR, ShellChron, SherlockHolmes, shrinkTVP, shrinkTVPVAR, SimuRg, sirad, sisireg, skytrackr, SmartMeterAnalytics, smooth, smoothy, smplot2, Sojourn, soundClass, soundgen, spacetime, SPEI, SPIChanges, SPLICE, ssaBSS, SSplots, StackImpute, staRdom, starvars, starvz, statcomp, stCEG, StockDistFit, StormR, SurvMI, svars, SVDNF, SWTools, sysid, syuzhet, tableone, tagtools, taxize, tbl2xts, TCIU, tectonicr, telemetR, testcorr, TeXCheckR, tf, tfarima, ThomasJeffersonUniv, tibbletime, tidychangepoint, tidyextreme, tidyquant, tigerhitteR, timetk, TMixClust, trackeRapp, TrafficBDE, trajectories, TrenchR, tripEstimation, TrueWAP, tsaux, tsBSS, tscopula, tsdb, TSdisaggregation, tsensembler, tseries, tseriesTARMA, tsgarch, tsgc, tsissm, tsmarch, tsmethods, tsrobprep, tssim, TSstudio, tswge, TTAinterfaceTrendAnalysis, TTR, TwoStepSDFM, UKgrid, UMI4Cats, umx, URooTab, valdrViz, vcrpart, ViralEntropR, VisitorCounts, voice, VplotR, WARDEN, WASP, WaterBalanceR, Wats, wevid, whep, whippr, wql, x3ptools, YEAB, yfR, yrnd
Reverse linking to: xts
Reverse suggests: aeddo, AGHmatrix, animation, APRScenario, AUCell, bamlss, baseballr, baselinenowcast, berryFunctions, betaARMA, bidask, birddog, BIS, BISdata, blsR, BOJ, broom, bundesbank, ChIPsim, clubSandwich, COINT, collapse, conos, constructive, copula, csdata, csemTools, cvdprevent, dang, dartR, dartR.base, dartR.popgen, data.table, DDESONN, ddplot, dint, eatRep, ecb, Ecfun, ELAplus, ETLUtils, exdex, factorstochvol, fanplot, FARS, FatTailsR, fftab, fredr, frequencyConnectedness, funData, fy, GDPuc, genscore, ggfortify, glarma, glmGamPoi, gsubfn, healthyR.ts, imputeTS, JFE, kronxNBC, kyotil, latticeExtra, loopevd, lpirfs, ltxsparklines, MacroFilters, maidr, manifestoR, Markovchart, MazamaRollUtils, MBNMAdose, meboot, mitey, mlr3forecast, mnirs, mondate, mscstts, msdrought, MSnbase, multipleITScontrol, networktree, ngme2, NMOF, NPRED, nvmix, pander, paneltests, patterncausality, pctax, pscl, quantreg, Rbearcat, Rblpapi, RcppRoll, read.gt3x, recoup, RGraphics, roll, rolleigen, rolloptim, rollshap, rroad, RTransferEntropy, scITD, sentopics, SeroTrackR, sfdep, sharpshootR, shinymeta, SlidingWindows, smqf, SNBdata, SpaceTimeBSS, stars, sweep, synthesis, tactile, timeplyr, timeSeries, tsbox, tseffects, unitrootests, UsingR, winfapReader, wooldridge, xkcd, XLConnect, xtable, zenplots
Reverse enhances: chron, dendextend, lattice, lubridate, tind, tis

Linking:

Please use the canonical form https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=zoo to link to this page.

These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.
Health stats visible at Monitor.