Citation

Mangiola et al., (2020). tidyHeatmap: an R package for modular heatmap production based on tidy principles. Journal of Open Source Software, 5(52), 2472, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02472

Please have a look also to

• tidygate for adding custom gate information to your tibble
• tidySingleCellExperiment for tidy manipulation of Seurat objects
• tidyseurat for tidy manipulation of Seurat objects
• tidybulk for tidy high-level data analysis and manipulation
• tidySummarizedExperiment for heatmaps produced with tidy principles

website: stemangiola.github.io/tidyHeatmap

tidyHeatmap is a package that introduces tidy principles to the creation of information-rich heatmaps. This package uses ComplexHeatmap as graphical engine.

Advantages:

• Modular annotation with just specifying column names
• Custom grouping of rows is easy to specify providing a grouped tbl. For example df |> group_by(...)
• Labels size adjusted by row and column total number
• Default use of Brewer and Viridis palettes

Functions/utilities available

Installation

To install the most up-to-date version

devtools::install_github("stemangiola/tidyHeatmap")

To install the most stable version (however please keep in mind that this package is under a maturing lifecycle stage)

install.packages("tidyHeatmap")

Contribution

If you want to contribute to the software, report issues or problems with the software or seek support please open an issue here

Input data frame

The heatmaps visualise a multi-element, multi-feature dataset, annotated with independent variables. Each observation is a element-feature pair (e.g., person-physical characteristics).

Let’s transform the mtcars dataset into a tidy “element-feature-independent variables” data frame. Where the independent variables in this case are ‘hp’ and ‘vs’.

mtcars_tidy <- 
    mtcars |> 
    as_tibble(rownames="Car name") |> 
    
    # Scale
    mutate_at(vars(-`Car name`, -hp, -vs), scale) |>
    
    # tidyfy
    pivot_longer(cols = -c(`Car name`, hp, vs), names_to = "Property", values_to = "Value")

mtcars_tidy

## # A tibble: 288 × 5
##    `Car name`       hp    vs Property Value[,1]
##    <chr>         <dbl> <dbl> <chr>        <dbl>
##  1 Mazda RX4       110     0 mpg          0.151
##  2 Mazda RX4       110     0 cyl         -0.105
##  3 Mazda RX4       110     0 disp        -0.571
##  4 Mazda RX4       110     0 drat         0.568
##  5 Mazda RX4       110     0 wt          -0.610
##  6 Mazda RX4       110     0 qsec        -0.777
##  7 Mazda RX4       110     0 am           1.19 
##  8 Mazda RX4       110     0 gear         0.424
##  9 Mazda RX4       110     0 carb         0.735
## 10 Mazda RX4 Wag   110     0 mpg          0.151
## # ℹ 278 more rows

Plotting

For plotting, you simply pipe the input data frame into heatmap, specifying:

• The rows, cols relative column names (mandatory)
• The value column name (mandatory)
• The annotations column name(s)

mtcars

mtcars_heatmap <- 
    mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(`Car name`, Property, Value,    scale = "row"   ) |>
    annotation_tile(hp)

## Warning: Using one column matrices in `filter()` was deprecated in dplyr 1.1.0.
## ℹ Please use one dimensional logical vectors instead.
## ℹ The deprecated feature was likely used in the tidyHeatmap package.
##   Please report the issue at
##   <https://github.com/stemangiola/tidyHeatmap/issues>.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

## Warning: Returning more (or less) than 1 row per `summarise()` group was deprecated in
## dplyr 1.1.0.
## ℹ Please use `reframe()` instead.
## ℹ When switching from `summarise()` to `reframe()`, remember that `reframe()`
##   always returns an ungrouped data frame and adjust accordingly.
## ℹ The deprecated feature was likely used in the dplyr package.
##   Please report the issue at <https://github.com/tidyverse/dplyr/issues>.
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

mtcars_heatmap

Saving

mtcars_heatmap |> save_pdf("mtcars_heatmap.pdf")

Clustering

Choose alternative clustering distance and methods.

tidyHeatmap::pasilla |>
    
    heatmap(
        .column = sample,
        .row = symbol,
        .value = `count normalised adjusted`,   
        scale = "row",
        
        # Arguments passed to ComplexHeatmap 
        clustering_distance_rows = "manhattan",
        clustering_distance_columns = "manhattan",
        clustering_method_rows = "ward.D",
        clustering_method_columns = "ward.D"
    ) 

Grouping and splitting

We can easily group the data (one group per dimension maximum, at the moment only the vertical dimension is supported) with dplyr, and the heatmap will be grouped accordingly

# Make up more groupings
mtcars_tidy_groupings = 
    mtcars_tidy |>
    mutate(property_group = if_else(Property %in% c("cyl", "disp"), "Engine", "Other"))

mtcars_tidy_groupings |> 
    group_by(vs, property_group) |>
    heatmap(`Car name`, Property, Value,    scale = "row"   ) |>
    annotation_tile(hp)

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

We can provide colour palettes to groupings

mtcars_tidy_groupings |> 
    group_by(vs, property_group) |>
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value ,   
        scale = "row",
        palette_grouping = list(
            
            # For first grouping (vs)
            c("#66C2A5", "#FC8D62"), 
            
            # For second grouping (property_group)
            c("#b58b4c", "#74a6aa")
        )
    ) |>
    annotation_tile(hp)

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

We can split based on the cladogram

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(`Car name`, Property, Value,    scale = "row"   ) |>
    split_rows(2) |>
    split_columns(2)

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

We can split on kmean clustering (using ComplexHeatmap options, it is stochastic)

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row",
        row_km = 2,
        column_km = 2
    ) 

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

Custom palettes

We can easily use custom palette, using strings, hexadecimal color character vector,

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, 
        Property, 
        Value,  
        scale = "row",
        palette_value = c("red", "white", "blue")
    )

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

A better-looking blue-to-red palette

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, 
        Property, 
        Value,  
        scale = "row",
        palette_value = circlize::colorRamp2(
            seq(-2, 2, length.out = 11), 
            RColorBrewer::brewer.pal(11, "RdBu")
        )
    )

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

Or a grid::colorRamp2 function for higher flexibility

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, 
        Property, 
        Value,  
        scale = "row",
        palette_value = circlize::colorRamp2(c(-2, -1, 0, 1, 2), viridis::magma(5))
    )

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

We can use custom colors for tile annotation

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, 
        Property, 
        Value,  
        scale = "row"
    ) |>
    add_tile(
        hp, 
        palette = c("red", "white", "blue")
    )

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

## Warning: `add_tile()` was deprecated in tidyHeatmap 1.9.0.
## ℹ Please use `annotation_tile()` instead
## This warning is displayed once every 8 hours.
## Call `lifecycle::last_lifecycle_warnings()` to see where this warning was
## generated.

We can use grid::colorRamp2 function for tile annotation for specific color scales

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, 
        Property, 
        Value,  
        scale = "row"
    ) |>
    annotation_tile(
        hp, 
        palette = circlize::colorRamp2(c(0, 100, 200, 300), viridis::magma(4))
    )

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

Multiple groupings and annotations

tidyHeatmap::pasilla |>
    group_by(location, type) |>
    heatmap(
        .column = sample,
        .row = symbol,
        .value = `count normalised adjusted`,   
        scale = "row"
    ) |>
    annotation_tile(condition) |>
    annotation_tile(activation)

Remove legends, adding aesthetics to annotations in a modular fashion, using ComplexHeatmap arguments

tidyHeatmap::pasilla |>
    group_by(location, type) |>
    heatmap(
        .column = sample,
        .row = symbol,
        .value = `count normalised adjusted`,   
        scale = "row",
        show_heatmap_legend = FALSE
    ) |>
    annotation_tile(condition, show_legend = FALSE) |>
    annotation_tile(activation, show_legend = FALSE)

Annotation types

“tile”, “point”, “bar”, “line” and “numeric” are available

# Create some more data points
pasilla_plus <- 
    tidyHeatmap::pasilla |>
    dplyr::mutate(activation_2 = activation, activation_3 = activation) |> 
    tidyr::nest(data = -sample) |>
    dplyr::mutate(size = rnorm(n(), 4,0.5)) |>
    dplyr::mutate(age = runif(n(), 50, 200)) |>
    tidyr::unnest(data) 

# Plot
pasilla_plus |>
    heatmap(
        .column = sample,
        .row = symbol,
        .value = `count normalised adjusted`,   
        scale = "row"
    ) |>
    annotation_tile(condition) |>
    annotation_point(activation) |>
    annotation_numeric(activation_3) |>
    annotation_tile(activation_2) |>
    annotation_bar(size) |>
    annotation_line(age)

Annotation size

We can customise annotation sizes using the grid::unit(), and the size of their names using in-built ComplexHeatmap arguments

pasilla_plus |>
    heatmap(
        .column = sample,
        .row = symbol,
        .value = `count normalised adjusted`,   
        scale = "row"
    ) |>
    annotation_tile(condition, size = unit(0.3, "cm"),  annotation_name_gp= gpar(fontsize = 8)) |>
    annotation_point(activation, size = unit(0.3, "cm"),    annotation_name_gp= gpar(fontsize = 8)) |>
    annotation_tile(activation_2, size = unit(0.3, "cm"),   annotation_name_gp= gpar(fontsize = 8)) |>
    annotation_bar(size, size = unit(0.3, "cm"),    annotation_name_gp= gpar(fontsize = 8)) |>
    annotation_line(age, size = unit(0.3, "cm"),    annotation_name_gp= gpar(fontsize = 8))

Layer symbol

Add a layer on top of the heatmap

tidyHeatmap::pasilla |>
    
    # filter
    filter(symbol %in% head(unique(tidyHeatmap::pasilla$symbol), n = 10)) |>
    
    # Add dynamic size
    mutate(my_size = runif(n(), 1,5)) |> 
    
    heatmap(
        .column = sample,
        .row = symbol,
        .value = `count normalised adjusted`,   
        scale = "row"
    ) |> 
    layer_point(
        `count normalised adjusted log` > 6 & sample == "untreated3"
    ) |>
    layer_square(
        `count normalised adjusted log` > 6 & sample == "untreated2",
        .size = my_size
    ) |>
    layer_arrow_up(
        `count normalised adjusted log` > 6 & sample == "untreated1",
        .size = 4
    )

Layer text

Add a text layer on top of the heatmap

tidyHeatmap::pasilla |>
    
    # filter
    filter(symbol %in% head(unique(tidyHeatmap::pasilla$symbol), n = 10)) |>
    
    # Add dynamic text
    mutate(my_text = "mt", my_size = 7) |> 
    
    # Plot
    heatmap(
        .column = sample,
        .row = symbol,
        .value = `count normalised adjusted`,   
        scale = "row"
    ) |> 
    layer_text(
        `count normalised adjusted log` > 6 & sample == "untreated3", 
        .value = "a", 
        .size = 15
    ) |> 
    layer_text(
    `count normalised adjusted log` > 6 & sample == "untreated2", 
    .value = my_text,
    .size = my_size
)

Adding heatmap side-by-side

p_heatmap = heatmap(mtcars_tidy, `Car name`, Property, Value, scale = "row") 

p_heatmap + p_heatmap

ComplexHeatmap further styling

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row", 
        rect_gp = grid::gpar(col = "#161616", lwd = 0.5)
    ) 

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row", 
        cluster_rows = FALSE
    ) 

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

library(forcats)
mtcars_tidy |> 
    mutate(`Car name` = forcats::fct_reorder(`Car name`, `Car name`, .desc = TRUE)) %>% 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row", 
        cluster_rows = FALSE
    ) 

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

mtcars_tidy |> 
    mutate(`Car name` = forcats::fct_reorder(`Car name`, `Car name`, .desc = TRUE)) %>% 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row", 
        column_dend_height = unit(0.2, "cm"), 
        row_dend_width = unit(0.2, "cm")
    ) 

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

mtcars_tidy |> 
    mutate(`Car name` = forcats::fct_reorder(`Car name`, `Car name`, .desc = TRUE)) %>% 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row", 
        row_names_gp = gpar(fontsize = 7),
        column_names_gp = gpar(fontsize = 7),
        column_title_gp = gpar(fontsize = 7),
        row_title_gp = gpar(fontsize = 7)
    ) 

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

mtcars_tidy |> 
    mutate(`Car name` = forcats::fct_reorder(`Car name`, `Car name`, .desc = TRUE)) %>% 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row"
    ) |> 
  annotation_numeric(hp, align_to="right")

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

heatmap(mtcars_tidy, `Car name`, Property, Value, scale = "row" ) %>%
    as_ComplexHeatmap() %>%
    ComplexHeatmap::draw(heatmap_legend_side = "left"   )

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(`Car name`, Property, Value,    scale = "row"   ) |>
    as_ComplexHeatmap() |>
    ComplexHeatmap::draw(
        column_title = "TITLE", 
        column_title_gp = gpar(fontsize = 16)
    )

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

library(ggplot2)
library(patchwork)

p_heatmap =
    mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(
        `Car name`, Property, Value,    
        scale = "row", 
            show_heatmap_legend = FALSE,
        row_names_gp = gpar(fontsize = 7)
    ) 

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

p_ggplot = data.frame(value = 1:10) |> ggplot(aes(value)) + geom_density()

wrap_heatmap(p_heatmap) + 
    p_ggplot +
    
    # Add padding for better aesthetics
    wrap_heatmap(
        p_heatmap,
        padding = grid::unit(c(-30, -0, -0, -10), "points" ),
        clip = FALSE
    ) + 
    plot_layout(width = c(1, 0.3, 1))

mtcars_tidy |> 
    heatmap(`Car name`, Property, Value,  scale = "row" ) |>
    wrap_heatmap() +
        ggplot2::ggtitle("TITLE")

## Warning in as_mapper(.f1)(.x): to_matrix says: there are NON-numerical columns,
## the matrix will NOT be numerical

Session Info

sessionInfo()

## R version 4.4.1 (2024-06-14)
## Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin20
## Running under: macOS Sonoma 14.6.1
## 
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS:   /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.4-x86_64/Resources/lib/libRblas.0.dylib 
## LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.4-x86_64/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib;  LAPACK version 3.12.0
## 
## locale:
## [1] C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8
## 
## time zone: Australia/Adelaide
## tzcode source: internal
## 
## attached base packages:
## [1] grid      stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
## [8] base     
## 
## other attached packages:
## [1] patchwork_1.3.0    ggplot2_3.5.1      forcats_1.0.0      tidyHeatmap_1.11.4
## [5] tidyr_1.3.1        dplyr_1.1.4       
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##  [1] viridis_0.6.5         utf8_1.2.4            sass_0.4.9           
##  [4] generics_0.1.3        shape_1.4.6.1         digest_0.6.37        
##  [7] magrittr_2.0.3        evaluate_1.0.1        RColorBrewer_1.1-3   
## [10] iterators_1.0.14      circlize_0.4.16       fastmap_1.2.0        
## [13] foreach_1.5.2         doParallel_1.0.17     jsonlite_1.8.9       
## [16] GlobalOptions_0.1.2   gridExtra_2.3         ComplexHeatmap_2.21.1
## [19] purrr_1.0.2           viridisLite_0.4.2     scales_1.3.0         
## [22] codetools_0.2-20      jquerylib_0.1.4       cli_3.6.3            
## [25] rlang_1.1.4           crayon_1.5.3          munsell_0.5.1        
## [28] withr_3.0.2           cachem_1.1.0          yaml_2.3.10          
## [31] tools_4.4.1           parallel_4.4.1        colorspace_2.1-1     
## [34] GetoptLong_1.0.5      BiocGenerics_0.51.3   vctrs_0.6.5          
## [37] R6_2.5.1              png_0.1-8             magick_2.8.5         
## [40] matrixStats_1.4.1     stats4_4.4.1          lifecycle_1.0.4      
## [43] S4Vectors_0.43.2      IRanges_2.39.2        clue_0.3-66          
## [46] cluster_2.1.6         dendextend_1.19.0     pkgconfig_2.0.3      
## [49] gtable_0.3.6          pillar_1.10.0         bslib_0.8.0          
## [52] Rcpp_1.0.13-1         glue_1.8.0            xfun_0.49            
## [55] tibble_3.2.1          tidyselect_1.2.1      rstudioapi_0.16.0    
## [58] knitr_1.49            farver_2.1.2          rjson_0.2.23         
## [61] htmltools_0.5.8.1     labeling_0.4.3        rmarkdown_2.29       
## [64] Cairo_1.6-2           compiler_4.4.1