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Title: Optimisation with Particle Swarm Optimisation
Version: 1.0.1
Description: A toolbox to create a particle swarm optimisation (PSO), the package contains two classes: the Particle and the Particle Swarm, this two class are used to run the PSO with methods to easily print, plot and save the result.
License: GPL-3
Encoding: UTF-8
RoxygenNote: 7.3.2
Suggests: knitr, rmarkdown, testthat (≥ 3.0.0)
VignetteBuilder: knitr
Imports: R6, rgl
Config/testthat/edition: 3
NeedsCompilation: no
Packaged: 2025-08-29 09:49:24 UTC; theo
Author: Theo Brunet [aut, cre]
Maintainer: Theo Brunet <brunet.theo83140@gmail.com>
Repository: CRAN
Date/Publication: 2025-09-09 12:50:02 UTC

Particle

Description

Class for the Particles used in the Particle Swarm Optimisation, It is call by the Particle Swarm object to make the population.

Active bindings

values_ranges

(list) max and min for each value of the particle

values

(numeric) values of the particle (his position in space)

fitness

(numeric) fitness of the particle (his score)

fitness_function

(function) function used to find the fitness

personal_best_values

(numeric) Best values of the particle

personal_best_fitness

(numeric) Fitness of the best values

velocity

(numeric) Velocity of the particle (one velocity for each values)

acceleration_coefficient

(numeric) coefficient c1 and c2 (for personal and global best)

inertia

(numeric) inertia of the particle

Methods

Public methods

Method new()

Create a new Particle object.

Usage
Particle$new(
  values_ranges,
  values,
  fitness_function,
  acceleration_coefficient,
  inertia
)
Arguments
values_ranges

range for each value of the particle (min and max), his size need to be the same as values. (List)

values,

values of the particles. (numeric)

fitness_function

function used to test the Particle and find his fitness. (function)

acceleration_coefficient

a vector of two values, one for c1 (the personal coefficient), and one for c2 (the global coefficient). (numeric)

inertia

The inertia of the particle (the influence of the previous velocity on the next velocity). (numeric)

Returns

A new Particle object.

Method get_fitness()

Calculate the fitness of the particle with the fitness function and save it in self$fitness

Usage
Particle$get_fitness()
Returns

self

Method update()

Update Particle's position and velocity.

Usage
Particle$update(swarm_best)
Arguments
swarm_best

the best values of the swarm used to update the velocity

Returns

self

Method update_personal_best_fitness()

Update the Particle's best values and fitness.

Usage
Particle$update_personal_best_fitness()
Returns

self

Method print()

print the current values of the particle and his fitness

Usage
Particle$print()

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage
Particle$clone(deep = FALSE)
Arguments
deep

Whether to make a deep clone.

Examples

# If you use the Particle Swarm Object there is no need to manually create the Particle
# But if you want to use the Particle for another project:

# In this example we use the PSO to solve the following equation:
# a * 5 + b * 25 + 10 = 15

fitness_function <- function(values){
  a <- values[1]
  b <- values[2]
  particule_result <- a*5 + b*25 + 10
  difference <- 15 - particule_result
  fitness <- 1 - abs(difference)
  return(fitness)
}

values_ranges <- list(c(-10^3,10^3),c(-10^3,10^3))

particle_example <- Particle$new(values_ranges = values_ranges,
                                 values = c(0,0),
                                 fitness_function = fitness_function,
                                 acceleration_coefficient = c(0.5,0.5),
                                 inertia = 0.4)
print(particle_example)
particle_example$get_fitness()
print(particle_example)
particle_example$update(c(10,25))
print(particle_example)

Swarm

Description

Particle Swarm, used to launch the Particle Swarm Optimisation, The PSO is used to maximise the fitness.

Active bindings

pop_size

(numeric) number of particles in the swarm

ranges_of_values

(list) range for each value for the particle

values_names

(list) list of names for each value (optionnal)

pop

(list) list of particle in the swarm

fitness_function

(function) fitness function used to find the fitness of the particle

list_fitness

(list) list of fitness of the particles

max_it

(numeric) maximum number of iteration

acceleration_coefficient_range

(list) coefficient c1 and c2 for the particles

swarm_best_fitness

(numeric) best fitness of the swarm

swarm_best_values

(numeric) values of the particle with the best fitness

inertia

(numeric) inertia of the particles

Methods

Public methods

Method new()

Create a new ParticleSwarm object.

Usage
ParticleSwarm$new(
  pop_size,
  values_names,
  fitness_function,
  max_it,
  acceleration_coefficient_range,
  inertia,
  ranges_of_values
)
Arguments
pop_size

number of individu in the swarm. (numeric)

values_names

list of names for each value (character)

fitness_function

function used to test the Particle and find his fitness. (function)

max_it

Maximum number of iteration for the PSO. (numeric)

acceleration_coefficient_range

a vector of four values (min and max for c1 and c2) (numeric)

inertia

The inertia for the particle (the influence of the previous velocity on the next velocity). (numeric)

ranges_of_values

range for each value of the particle (min and max). (List)

Returns

A new ParticleSwarm object.

Examples
# Create a ParticleSwarm object
swarm <- ParticleSwarm$new(pop_size=20,
                            values_names=c('a','b'),
                            max_it=20,
                            fitness_function = function(values){return(values[1]+values[2])},
                            acceleration_coefficient=list(c(0.5,1),c(0.5,1)),
                            inertia=0.5,
                            ranges_of_values=list(c(-100,100),c(-100,100)))

Method run()

Make the Particle Swarm Optimisation

Usage
ParticleSwarm$run(
  verbose = TRUE,
  plot = TRUE,
  save_file = FALSE,
  dir_name = "PSO_pop"
)
Arguments
verbose

print the different step (iteration and individu)

plot

plot the result of each iteration (only for 2D or 3D problem)

save_file

save the population of each Iteration in a file and save the plot if plot=TRUE

dir_name

name of the directory, default value is PSO_pop

Returns

self

Examples
# Create a ParticleSwarm object
swarm <- ParticleSwarm$new(pop_size=20,
                            values_names=c('a','b'),
                            max_it=20,
                            fitness_function = function(values){return(values[1]+values[2])},
                            acceleration_coefficient=list(c(0.5,1),c(0.5,1)),
                            inertia=0.5,
                            ranges_of_values=list(c(-100,100),c(-100,100)))
# run the PSO
swarm$run(verbose = FALSE,
          plot = FALSE,
          save_file = FALSE)
# return the best result:
print(swarm$swarm_best_values)

Method generate_pop()

create the population of the swarm (this method is automatically called by the run method)

Usage
ParticleSwarm$generate_pop(verbose = TRUE)
Arguments
verbose

print the advancement or not

Returns

self

Method move_the_swarm()

The method used to change the location of each particle (this method is automatically called by the run method)

Usage
ParticleSwarm$move_the_swarm(verbose)
Arguments
verbose

print or not the advancement

Returns

self

Method save_pop()

The method used to save the values and fitness of the population in a CSV file (this method is automatically called by the run method if you have chosen to save the result)

Usage
ParticleSwarm$save_pop(nb_it, dir_name)
Arguments
nb_it

number of the iteration, used to create the name of the csv file

dir_name

Name of the directory

Returns

self

Method plot_the_swarm_2D()

method used to plot a 2D plot (this method is automatically called by the run method if you have chosen to plot the swarm)

Usage
ParticleSwarm$plot_the_swarm_2D(nb_it, save_file)
Arguments
nb_it

number of the iteration used to save the plot as a png

save_file

save the plot as a file

Returns

self

Method plot_the_swarm_3D()

method used to plot a 3D plot

Usage
ParticleSwarm$plot_the_swarm_3D(nb_it, save_file)
Arguments
nb_it

number of the iteration used to save the plot as a png (this method is automatically called by the run method if you have chosen to plot the swarm)

save_file

save the plot as a file

Returns

self

Method print()

Print the current result of the population

Usage
ParticleSwarm$print()

Method clone()

The objects of this class are cloneable with this method.

Usage
ParticleSwarm$clone(deep = FALSE)
Arguments
deep

Whether to make a deep clone.

Examples

# In this example we use the PSO to solve the following equation:
# a * 5 + b * 25 + 10 = 15

fitness_function <- function(values){
  a <- values[1]
  b <- values[2]
  particule_result <- a*5 + b*25 + 10
  difference <- 15 - particule_result
  fitness <- 1 - abs(difference)
  return(fitness)
}

values_ranges <- list(c(-10^3,10^3),c(-10^3,10^3))

swarm <- ParticleSwarm$new(pop_size = 200,
                           values_names = list("a","b"),
                           fitness_function = fitness_function,
                           max_it = 75,
                           acceleration_coefficient_range = list(c(0,1),c(0,1)),
                           inertia = 0.5,
                           ranges_of_values = values_ranges)
swarm$run(plot = FALSE,verbose = FALSE,save_file = FALSE)
# the solution is :
swarm$swarm_best_values
swarm$swarm_best_values[[1]]*5 + swarm$swarm_best_values[[2]] *25 + 10

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ParticleSwarm$new`
## ------------------------------------------------

# Create a ParticleSwarm object
swarm <- ParticleSwarm$new(pop_size=20,
                            values_names=c('a','b'),
                            max_it=20,
                            fitness_function = function(values){return(values[1]+values[2])},
                            acceleration_coefficient=list(c(0.5,1),c(0.5,1)),
                            inertia=0.5,
                            ranges_of_values=list(c(-100,100),c(-100,100)))

## ------------------------------------------------
## Method `ParticleSwarm$run`
## ------------------------------------------------

# Create a ParticleSwarm object
swarm <- ParticleSwarm$new(pop_size=20,
                            values_names=c('a','b'),
                            max_it=20,
                            fitness_function = function(values){return(values[1]+values[2])},
                            acceleration_coefficient=list(c(0.5,1),c(0.5,1)),
                            inertia=0.5,
                            ranges_of_values=list(c(-100,100),c(-100,100)))
# run the PSO
swarm$run(verbose = FALSE,
          plot = FALSE,
          save_file = FALSE)
# return the best result:
print(swarm$swarm_best_values)

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