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The goal of mcgf
is to provide easy-to-use functions for
simulating and fitting covariance models. It provides functions for
simulating (regime-switching) Markov chain Gaussian fields with
covariance functions of the Gneiting class by simple kriging. Parameter
estimation methods such as weighted least squares and maximum likelihood
estimation are available. Below is an example of simulating and
estimation parameters for an MCGF.
You can install the development version of mcgf from GitHub with:
# install.packages("devtools")
::install_github("tianxia-jia/mcgf") devtools
To simulate an MCGF with fully symmetric covariance structure, we begin with simulating 10 locations randomly.
library(mcgf)
set.seed(123)
<- rdists(10) h
Next, we simulate an MCGF with the general stationary covariance structure. In this example the covariance structure is a convex combination of a base separable model and a Lagrangian model account for asymmetry.
<- 1000
N <- 5
lag
<- list(
par_base par_s = list(nugget = 0, c = 0.001, gamma = 0.5),
par_t = list(a = 0.5, alpha = 0.8)
)<- list(v1 = 200, v2 = 200, k = 2)
par_lagr
<- mcgf_sim(
sim1 N = N,
base = "sep",
lagrangian = "lagr_tri",
par_base = par_base,
par_lagr = par_lagr,
lambda = 0.2,
dists = h,
lag = lag
)<- sim1[-c(1:(lag + 1)), ]
sim1 rownames(sim1) <- 1:nrow(sim1)
<- list(data = sim1, dists = h) sim1
mcgf
objectTo estimate parameters, we need to calculate auto-correlations and
cross-correlations. Let’s first create an mcgf
object. The
mcgf
class extends the data.frame
with more
attributes.
<- mcgf(sim1$data, dists = sim1$dists)
sim1_mcgf #> `time` is not provided, assuming rows are equally spaced temporally.
Then the acfs and ccfs can be added to this object as follows.
<- add_acfs(sim1_mcgf, lag_max = lag)
sim1_mcgf <- add_ccfs(sim1_mcgf, lag_max = lag) sim1_mcgf
To perform parameter estimation, we can start with estimating the parameters for spatial and temporal models.
<- fit_base(
fit_spatial
sim1_mcgf,model = "spatial",
lag = lag,
par_init = c(c = 0.001, gamma = 0.5),
par_fixed = c(nugget = 0)
)$fit
fit_spatial#> $par
#> c gamma
#> 0.001160802 0.500000000
#>
#> $objective
#> [1] 1.640593
#>
#> $convergence
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $iterations
#> [1] 8
#>
#> $evaluations
#> function gradient
#> 21 20
#>
#> $message
#> [1] "both X-convergence and relative convergence (5)"
<- fit_base(
fit_temporal
sim1_mcgf,model = "temporal",
lag = lag,
par_init = c(a = 0.3, alpha = 0.5)
)$fit
fit_temporal#> $par
#> a alpha
#> 0.6528906 0.7560970
#>
#> $objective
#> [1] 0.004306706
#>
#> $convergence
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $iterations
#> [1] 18
#>
#> $evaluations
#> function gradient
#> 23 43
#>
#> $message
#> [1] "relative convergence (4)"
Alternatively, we can fit the separable model all at once:
<- fit_base(
fit_sep
sim1_mcgf,model = "sep",
lag = lag,
par_init = c(
c = 0.001,
gamma = 0.5,
a = 0.5,
alpha = 0.5
),par_fixed = c(nugget = 0)
)$fit
fit_sep#> $par
#> c gamma a alpha
#> 0.001154864 0.500000000 0.624551338 0.735490605
#>
#> $objective
#> [1] 3.488305
#>
#> $convergence
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $iterations
#> [1] 18
#>
#> $evaluations
#> function gradient
#> 49 88
#>
#> $message
#> [1] "relative convergence (4)"
we can also estimate the parameters using MLE:
<- fit_base(
fit_sep2
sim1_mcgf,model = "sep",
lag = lag,
par_init = c(
c = 0.001,
gamma = 0.5,
a = 0.5,
alpha = 0.5
),par_fixed = c(nugget = 0),
method = "mle",
)$fit
fit_sep2#> $par
#> c gamma a alpha
#> 0.001197799 0.500000000 0.804621207 1.000000000
#>
#> $objective
#> [1] -11520.04
#>
#> $convergence
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $iterations
#> [1] 17
#>
#> $evaluations
#> function gradient
#> 55 78
#>
#> $message
#> [1] "relative convergence (4)"
Now we will add the base model to x_mcgf
:
<- add_base(sim1_mcgf, fit_base = fit_sep) sim1_mcgf
To print the current model, we do
model(sim1_mcgf)
#> ----------------------------------------
#> Model
#> ----------------------------------------
#> - Time lag: 5
#> - Scale of time lag: 1
#> - Forecast horizon: 1
#> ----------------------------------------
#> Base
#> ----------------------------------------
#> - Base model: sep
#> - Parameters:
#> c gamma a alpha nugget
#> 0.001154864 0.500000000 0.624551338 0.735490605 0.000000000
#>
#> - Fixed parameters:
#> nugget
#> 0
#>
#> - Parameter estimation method: wls
#>
#> - Optimization function: nlminb
#> ----------------------------------------
#> Lagrangian
#> ----------------------------------------
#> - Lagrangian model:
#> - Parameters:
#> NULL
#>
#> - Fixed parameters:
#> NULL
#>
#> - Parameter estimation method:
#>
#> - Optimization function:
Similarly, we can estimate the parameters for the Lagrangian component by
<- fit_lagr(
fit_lagr
sim1_mcgf,model = "lagr_tri",
par_init = c(v1 = 300, v2 = 300, lambda = 0.15),
par_fixed = c(k = 2)
)$fit
fit_lagr#> $par
#> lambda v1 v2
#> 0.1757035 232.0852117 203.8869305
#>
#> $objective
#> [1] 1.627017
#>
#> $convergence
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $iterations
#> [1] 32
#>
#> $evaluations
#> function gradient
#> 35 126
#>
#> $message
#> [1] "relative convergence (4)"
We can add the Lagrangian model by
<- add_lagr(sim1_mcgf, fit_lagr = fit_lagr) sim1_mcgf
Finally we may print the final model:
model(sim1_mcgf)
#> ----------------------------------------
#> Model
#> ----------------------------------------
#> - Time lag: 5
#> - Scale of time lag: 1
#> - Forecast horizon: 1
#> ----------------------------------------
#> Base
#> ----------------------------------------
#> - Base model: sep
#> - Parameters:
#> c gamma a alpha nugget
#> 0.001154864 0.500000000 0.624551338 0.735490605 0.000000000
#>
#> - Fixed parameters:
#> nugget
#> 0
#>
#> - Parameter estimation method: wls
#>
#> - Optimization function: nlminb
#> ----------------------------------------
#> Lagrangian
#> ----------------------------------------
#> - Lagrangian model: lagr_tri
#> - Parameters:
#> lambda v1 v2 k
#> 0.1757035 232.0852117 203.8869305 2.0000000
#>
#> - Fixed parameters:
#> k
#> 2
#>
#> - Parameter estimation method: wls
#>
#> - Optimization function: nlminb
This package provides kriging forecasts (and intervals) for empirical, base, and general stationary models.
# Empirical model
<-
fit_emp krige(sim1_mcgf,
model = "empirical",
interval = TRUE
)<- sqrt(mean(colMeans((sim1_mcgf - fit_emp$fit)^2, na.rm = T)))
rmse_emp
# Base separable model
<-
fit_base krige(sim1_mcgf,
model = "base",
interval = TRUE
)<-
rmse_base sqrt(mean(colMeans((sim1_mcgf - fit_base$fit)^2, na.rm = T)))
# Stationary model
<-
fit_stat krige(sim1_mcgf,
model = "all",
interval = TRUE
)<-
rmse_stat sqrt(mean(colMeans((sim1_mcgf - fit_stat$fit)^2, na.rm = T)))
<- c(rmse_emp, rmse_base, rmse_stat)
rmse names(rmse) <- c("Empirical", "Separable", "Stationary")
rmse#> Empirical Separable Stationary
#> 0.7212175 0.7685016 0.7355458
These binaries (installable software) and packages are in development.
They may not be fully stable and should be used with caution. We make no claims about them.
Health stats visible at Monitor.