Analyze the co-adaptation of codon usage between a virus and its host, calculate various codon usage bias measurements as: effective number of codons (ENc) Novembre (2002) <doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004201>, codon adaptation index (CAI) Sharp  and  Li (1987) <doi:10.1093/nar/15.3.1281>, relative  codon deoptimization index (RCDI) Puigbò et al (2010) <doi:10.1186/1756-0500-3-87>, similarity index (SiD) Zhou et al (2013) <doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077239>,  synonymous codon usage orderliness (SCUO) Wan et al (2004) <doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-19> and, relative synonymous    codon usage (RSCU) Sharp et al (1986) <doi:10.1093/nar/14.13.5125>. Also, it provides a statistical dinucleotide over- and underrepresentation with three different models. Implement several methods for visualization of codon usage as ENc.GC3plot() and PR2.plot().

The "Vertical and Horizontal Inheritance Consistence Analysis" method is described in the following publication: "VHICA: a new method to discriminate between vertical and horizontal transposon transfer: application to the mariner family within Drosophila" by G. Wallau. et al. (2016) <DOI:10.1093/molbev/msv341>. The purpose of the method is to detect horizontal transfers of transposable elements, by contrasting the divergence of transposable element sequences with that of regular genes.

The base class 'VirtualArray' is defined, which acts as a wrapper around lists allowing users to fold arbitrary sequential data into n-dimensional, R-style virtual arrays. The derived 'XArray' class is defined to be used for homogeneous lists that contain a single class of objects. The 'RasterArray' and 'SfArray' classes enable the use of stacked spatial data instead of lists.

Provides direct access to linked names for the same entity across the world's major name authority files, including national and regional variations in language, character set, and spelling. For more information go to <https://viaf.org/>.

The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model is a macroscale
    hydrologic model that solves full water and energy balances, originally
    developed by Xu Liang at the University of Washington (UW).
    The version of VIC source code used is of 5.0.1 on <https://github.com/UW-Hydro/VIC/>,
    see Hamman et al. (2018).
    Development and maintenance of the current official version
    of the VIC model at present is led by the UW Hydro (Computational Hydrology
    group) in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at UW. VIC is
    a research model and in its various forms it has been applied to most of the
    major river basins around the world, as well as globally 
    <http://vic.readthedocs.io/en/master/Documentation/References/>. 
    References: "Liang, X., D. P. Lettenmaier, E. F. Wood, and
    S. J. Burges (1994), A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water
    and energy fluxes for general circulation models, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D7),
    14415-14428, <doi:10.1029/94JD00483>"; 
    "Hamman, J. J., Nijssen, B., Bohn, T. J., Gergel, D. R., and Mao, Y. (2018), The
    Variable Infiltration Capacity model version 5 (VIC-5): infrastructure improvements
    for new applications and reproducibility, Geosci. Model Dev., 11, 3481-3496, 
    <doi:10.5194/gmd-11-3481-2018>".