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Units.hpp
1//===========================================================================
2//
3// File: Units.hpp
4//
5// Created: Thu Jul 2 09:19:08 2009
6//
7// Author(s): Halvor M Nilsen <hnil@sintef.no>
8//
9// $Date$
10//
11// $Revision$
12//
13//===========================================================================
14
15/*
16 Copyright 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 SINTEF ICT, Applied Mathematics.
17 Copyright 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 Statoil ASA.
18
19 This file is part of the Open Porous Media project (OPM).
20
21 OPM is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
22 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
23 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
24 (at your option) any later version.
25
26 OPM is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
27 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
28 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
29 GNU General Public License for more details.
30
31 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
32 along with OPM. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
33*/
34
35#ifndef OPM_UNITS_HEADER
36#define OPM_UNITS_HEADER
37
56namespace Opm {
57 namespace prefix
59 {
60 constexpr const double micro = 1.0e-6;
61 constexpr const double milli = 1.0e-3;
62 constexpr const double centi = 1.0e-2;
63 constexpr const double deci = 1.0e-1;
64 constexpr const double kilo = 1.0e3;
65 constexpr const double mega = 1.0e6;
66 constexpr const double giga = 1.0e9;
67 } // namespace prefix
68
69 namespace unit
84 {
87 constexpr double square(double v) { return v * v; }
88 constexpr double cubic (double v) { return v * v * v; }
90
91 // --------------------------------------------------------------
92 // Basic (fundamental) units and conversions
93 // --------------------------------------------------------------
94
97 constexpr const double meter = 1;
98 constexpr const double inch = 2.54 * prefix::centi*meter;
99 constexpr const double feet = 12 * inch;
101
104 constexpr const double second = 1;
105 constexpr const double minute = 60 * second;
106 constexpr const double hour = 60 * minute;
107 constexpr const double day = 24 * hour;
108 constexpr const double year = 365 * day;
109 constexpr const double ecl_year = 365.25 * day;
111
114 constexpr const double gallon = 231 * cubic(inch);
115 constexpr const double stb = 42 * gallon;
116 constexpr const double liter = 1 * cubic(prefix::deci*meter);
118
121 constexpr const double kilogram = 1;
122 constexpr const double gram = 1.0e-3 * kilogram;
123 // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_(mass)#Avoirdupois_pound
124 constexpr const double pound = 0.45359237 * kilogram;
126
129 constexpr const double joule = 1;
130 constexpr const double btu = 1054.3503*joule; // "british thermal units"
132
133 // --------------------------------------------------------------
134 // Standardised constants
135 // --------------------------------------------------------------
136
139 constexpr const double gravity = 9.80665 * meter/square(second);
141
142 constexpr const double mol = 1;
143 // --------------------------------------------------------------
144 // Derived units and conversions
145 // --------------------------------------------------------------
146
149 constexpr const double Newton = kilogram*meter / square(second); // == 1
150 constexpr const double dyne = 1e-5*Newton;
151 constexpr const double lbf = pound * gravity; // Pound-force
153
156 constexpr const double Pascal = Newton / square(meter); // == 1
157 constexpr const double barsa = 100000 * Pascal;
158 constexpr const double atm = 101325 * Pascal;
159 constexpr const double psia = lbf / square(inch);
161
168 constexpr const double degCelsius = 1.0; // scaling factor °C -> K
169 constexpr const double degCelsiusOffset = 273.15; // offset for the °C -> K conversion
170
171 constexpr const double degFahrenheit = 5.0/9.0; // factor to convert a difference in °F to a difference in K
172 constexpr const double degFahrenheitOffset = 459.67*degFahrenheit; // °F -> K offset (i.e. how many K is 0 °F?)
174
177 constexpr const double Pas = Pascal * second; // == 1
178 constexpr const double Poise = prefix::deci*Pas;
180
181 constexpr const double ppm = 1. / prefix::mega;
182
183 namespace perm_details {
184 constexpr const double p_grad = atm / (prefix::centi*meter);
185 constexpr const double area = square(prefix::centi*meter);
186 constexpr const double flux = cubic (prefix::centi*meter) / second;
187 constexpr const double velocity = flux / area;
188 constexpr const double visc = prefix::centi*Poise;
189 constexpr const double darcy = (velocity * visc) / p_grad;
190 // == 1e-7 [m^2] / 101325
191 // == 9.869232667160130e-13 [m^2]
192 }
202 constexpr const double darcy = perm_details::darcy;
204
208 namespace convert {
227 constexpr double from(const double q, const double unit)
228 {
229 return q * unit;
230 }
231
250 constexpr double to(const double q, const double unit)
251 {
252 return q / unit;
253 }
254 } // namespace convert
255 }
256
257 namespace Metric {
258 using namespace prefix;
259 using namespace unit;
260 constexpr const double Pressure = barsa;
261 constexpr const double Temperature = degCelsius;
262 constexpr const double TemperatureOffset = degCelsiusOffset;
263 constexpr const double AbsoluteTemperature = degCelsius; // actually [K], but the these two are identical
264 constexpr const double Length = meter;
265 constexpr const double Time = day;
266 constexpr const double RunTime = second;
267 constexpr const double Mass = kilogram;
268 constexpr const double Permeability = milli*darcy;
269 constexpr const double Transmissibility = centi*Poise*cubic(meter)/(day*barsa);
270 constexpr const double LiquidSurfaceVolume = cubic(meter);
271 constexpr const double GasSurfaceVolume = cubic(meter);
272 constexpr const double ReservoirVolume = cubic(meter);
273 constexpr const double Area = square(meter);
274 constexpr const double GeomVolume = cubic(meter);
275 constexpr const double GasDissolutionFactor = GasSurfaceVolume/LiquidSurfaceVolume;
276 constexpr const double OilDissolutionFactor = LiquidSurfaceVolume/GasSurfaceVolume;
277 constexpr const double Density = kilogram/cubic(meter);
278 constexpr const double PolymerDensity = kilogram/cubic(meter);
279 constexpr const double FoamDensity = kilogram/cubic(meter);
280 constexpr const double FoamSurfactantConcentration = kilogram/cubic(meter);
281 constexpr const double Salinity = kilogram/cubic(meter);
282 constexpr const double Viscosity = centi*Poise;
283 constexpr const double Timestep = day;
284 constexpr const double SurfaceTension = dyne/(centi*meter);
285 constexpr const double Energy = kilo*joule;
286 constexpr const double Moles = kilo*mol;
287 constexpr const double PPM = ppm;
288 constexpr const double Ymodule = giga*Pascal;
289 }
290
291
292 namespace Field {
293 using namespace prefix;
294 using namespace unit;
295 constexpr const double Pressure = psia;
296 constexpr const double Temperature = degFahrenheit;
297 constexpr const double TemperatureOffset = degFahrenheitOffset;
298 constexpr const double AbsoluteTemperature = degFahrenheit; // actually [°R], but the these two are identical
299 constexpr const double Length = feet;
300 constexpr const double Time = day;
301 constexpr const double RunTime = second;
302 constexpr const double Mass = pound;
303 constexpr const double Permeability = milli*darcy;
304 constexpr const double Transmissibility = centi*Poise*stb/(day*psia);
305 constexpr const double LiquidSurfaceVolume = stb;
306 constexpr const double GasSurfaceVolume = 1000*cubic(feet);
307 constexpr const double ReservoirVolume = stb;
308 constexpr const double Area = square(feet);
309 constexpr const double GeomVolume = cubic(feet);
310 constexpr const double GasDissolutionFactor = GasSurfaceVolume/LiquidSurfaceVolume;
311 constexpr const double OilDissolutionFactor = LiquidSurfaceVolume/GasSurfaceVolume;
312 constexpr const double Density = pound/cubic(feet);
313 constexpr const double PolymerDensity = pound/stb;
314 constexpr const double FoamDensity = pound/GasSurfaceVolume;
315 constexpr const double FoamSurfactantConcentration = pound/stb;
316 constexpr const double Salinity = pound/stb;
317 constexpr const double Viscosity = centi*Poise;
318 constexpr const double Timestep = day;
319 constexpr const double SurfaceTension = dyne/(centi*meter);
320 constexpr const double Energy = btu;
321 constexpr const double Moles = kilo*pound*mol;
322 constexpr const double PPM = ppm;
323 constexpr const double Ymodule = giga*Pascal;
324 }
325
326
327 namespace Lab {
328 using namespace prefix;
329 using namespace unit;
330 constexpr const double Pressure = atm;
331 constexpr const double Temperature = degCelsius;
332 constexpr const double TemperatureOffset = degCelsiusOffset;
333 constexpr const double AbsoluteTemperature = degCelsius; // actually [K], but the these two are identical
334 constexpr const double Length = centi*meter;
335 constexpr const double Time = hour;
336 constexpr const double RunTime = second;
337 constexpr const double Mass = gram;
338 constexpr const double Permeability = milli*darcy;
339 constexpr const double Transmissibility = centi*Poise*cubic(centi*meter)/(hour*atm);
340 constexpr const double LiquidSurfaceVolume = cubic(centi*meter);
341 constexpr const double GasSurfaceVolume = cubic(centi*meter);
342 constexpr const double ReservoirVolume = cubic(centi*meter);
343 constexpr const double Area = square(centi*meter);
344 constexpr const double GeomVolume = cubic(centi*meter);
345 constexpr const double GasDissolutionFactor = GasSurfaceVolume/LiquidSurfaceVolume;
346 constexpr const double OilDissolutionFactor = LiquidSurfaceVolume/GasSurfaceVolume;
347 constexpr const double Density = gram/cubic(centi*meter);
348 constexpr const double PolymerDensity = gram/cubic(centi*meter);
349 constexpr const double FoamDensity = gram/cubic(centi*meter);
350 constexpr const double FoamSurfactantConcentration = gram/cubic(centi*meter);
351 constexpr const double Salinity = gram/cubic(centi*meter);
352 constexpr const double Viscosity = centi*Poise;
353 constexpr const double Timestep = hour;
354 constexpr const double SurfaceTension = dyne/(centi*meter);
355 constexpr const double Energy = joule;
356 constexpr const double Moles = mol;
357 constexpr const double PPM = ppm;
358 constexpr const double Ymodule = giga*Pascal;
359 }
360
361
362 namespace PVT_M {
363 using namespace prefix;
364 using namespace unit;
365 constexpr const double Pressure = atm;
366 constexpr const double Temperature = degCelsius;
367 constexpr const double TemperatureOffset = degCelsiusOffset;
368 constexpr const double AbsoluteTemperature = degCelsius; // actually [K], but the these two are identical
369 constexpr const double Length = meter;
370 constexpr const double Time = day;
371 constexpr const double RunTime = second;
372 constexpr const double Mass = kilogram;
373 constexpr const double Permeability = milli*darcy;
374 constexpr const double Transmissibility = centi*Poise*cubic(meter)/(day*atm);
375 constexpr const double LiquidSurfaceVolume = cubic(meter);
376 constexpr const double GasSurfaceVolume = cubic(meter);
377 constexpr const double ReservoirVolume = cubic(meter);
378 constexpr const double Area = square(meter);
379 constexpr const double GeomVolume = cubic(meter);
380 constexpr const double GasDissolutionFactor = GasSurfaceVolume/LiquidSurfaceVolume;
381 constexpr const double OilDissolutionFactor = LiquidSurfaceVolume/GasSurfaceVolume;
382 constexpr const double Density = kilogram/cubic(meter);
383 constexpr const double PolymerDensity = kilogram/cubic(meter);
384 constexpr const double FoamDensity = kilogram/cubic(meter);
385 constexpr const double FoamSurfactantConcentration = kilogram/cubic(meter);
386 constexpr const double Salinity = kilogram/cubic(meter);
387 constexpr const double Viscosity = centi*Poise;
388 constexpr const double Timestep = day;
389 constexpr const double SurfaceTension = dyne/(centi*meter);
390 constexpr const double Energy = kilo*joule;
391 constexpr const double Moles = kilo*mol;
392 constexpr const double PPM = ppm;
393 constexpr const double Ymodule = giga*Pascal;
394 }
395}
396
397#endif // OPM_UNITS_HEADER
constexpr const double deci
Non-standard unit prefix [d].
Definition Units.hpp:63
constexpr const double giga
Unit prefix [G].
Definition Units.hpp:66
constexpr const double micro
Unit prefix [ ].
Definition Units.hpp:60
constexpr const double kilo
Unit prefix [k].
Definition Units.hpp:64
constexpr const double milli
Unit prefix [m].
Definition Units.hpp:61
constexpr const double mega
Unit prefix [M].
Definition Units.hpp:65
constexpr const double centi
Non-standard unit prefix [c].
Definition Units.hpp:62
constexpr double to(const double q, const double unit)
Convert from internal units of measurements to equivalent external units of measurements.
Definition Units.hpp:250
constexpr double from(const double q, const double unit)
Convert from external units of measurements to equivalent internal units of measurements.
Definition Units.hpp:227
This class implements a small container which holds the transmissibility mulitpliers for all the face...
Definition Exceptions.hpp:30